Assessing the Livelihood Vulnerability of Nomads to Changing Climate in the Third Pole Region of Nepal

This study was performed in Nepal’s Langtang and Shey Phoksundo National Parks (NPs) to find out how vulnerable the nomads’ ways of making a living are climate change. We interviewed 68 household heads between March May 2022 obtain information on 13 components 46 indicators. The original data were backed up by an analysis published unpublished literature that available. A composite index used combine data, different vulnerabilities compared. As nomads both NPs rely mostly natural resources for energy, water, food, findings revealed land, sanitation, most important factors influencing livelihood vulnerability NPs. Although herders NP suffered less loss as result change-related disasters, human–wildlife conflict major issue parks. Both (LVI) LVI–IPCC suggested national parks moderately change results likely serve empirical evidence future strategies, such implementing policy measures aimed at reducing sensitivity habitat conditions, increasing societal resilience, introducing sustainable alternatives, improving individual stability.